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- Journal Article:
Willson et al.
A variety of radiation-grafted cation-exchange membranes (RG-CEM) were synthesised, using a high-dose rate electron-beam peroxidation method, for an initial evaluation of their applicability to reverse electrodialysis cells (RED, a type of salinity gradient “blue” energy). The RG-CEMs were adequately conductive (to Na+ cations) but without the incorporation of crosslinking co-monomers, the…
- Journal Article:
Uche et al.
A sustainable solution to provide fresh drinking water was studied in this paper. A very small batch-ED (electrodialysis) unit fed by a PV (photovoltaic) array was tested to desalt brackish water. The main novelty in the PV generator proposal is its flexibility to change the operating conditions by changing the number of connected cells. The ED unit could also be connected to the grid by means…
- Journal Article:
Long et al.
In this paper, the optimal channel geometry and flow rate of the concentrated and diluted solutions under the maximum net power output for the reverse electrodialysis (RED) stacks at a confined size are systematically investigated. A model considering the change in volume flow rate along the flow direction is employed to illustrate the process of the RED stack. For systematisms, under the…
- Journal Article:
Chen et al.
Salinity gradient energy extracting by a reverse electrodialysis (RED) unit using for electrodialysis (ED) desalination process is a potential way to achieve energy-economic and sustainable production of freshwater. However, the parameters in RED and ED unit synergistically influence the desalination process, resulting to the hybrid process controlled by multi-parameters. Modeling of an RED/ED…
- Journal Article:
Giacalone et al.
Salinity gradients are a non-conventional source of renewable energy based on the recovery of the Gibbs free energy related to the mixing of solutions at different concentrations. Reverse Electrodialysis is a promising and innovative technology able to convert this energy directly into electric current. The worldwide availability of salinity gradients is limited to those locations where water…
- Journal Article:
Lee et al.
Performance of graphite foil electrodes coated by porous carbon black (i.e., Vulcan) was investigated in comparison with metal electrodes for reverse electrodialysis (RED) application. The electrode slurry that was used for fabrication of the porous carbon-coated graphite foil is composed of 7.2 wt% of carbon black (Vulcan X-72), 0.8 wt% of a polymer binder (polyvinylidene fluoride, PVdF), and…
- Journal Article:
Tufa et al.
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is one of the most promising membrane-based processes for renewable energy generation from mixing two solutions of different salinity. However, the presence of Mg2+ in natural water has been shown to drastically reduce open circuit voltage (OCV) and output power of RED. To alleviate this challenge, commercial cation exchange membranes (CEM) supplied by…
- Journal Article:
Kim et al.
Power generation by reverse electrodialysis from anodic alumina nanopores is experimentally investigated by placing an alumina nanopore array with a nominal pore radius of 10 nm between two sodium chloride solutions with various combinations of concentrations. Both bare and silica-coated alumina nanopore arrays are used in the present study. The current–potential characteristics are measured…
- Journal Article:
Scialdone et al.
A new approach for the simultaneous generation of electric energy and the treatment of waters contaminated by recalcitrant pollutants using salinity gradients was proposed. Reverse electrodialysis allows for the generation of electric energy from salinity gradients. Indeed, the utilization of different salt concentrations gives a potential difference between the electrodes which allows the…
- Book Chapter:
Goh and Ismail
The development of renewable and sustainable energy sources has been acknowledged as the most straightforward strategy for global energy security to deal with growing environmental concerns. Out of the available renewable resources, oceans represent a huge untapped potential candidate to provide clean energy while addressing water shortage issue. The utilization of salinity gradients between…
- Journal Article:
Scialdone et al.
The simultaneous generation of electric energy and the treatment of wastewaters contaminated by an organic pollutant resistant to conventional biological processes, Acid Orange 7 (AO7), was achieved for the first time using proper redox processes by reverse electrodialysis using salinity gradients. The stack was fed with two aqueous solutions with different concentrations of NaCl and a…
- Book Chapter:
Hong et al.
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) as a technique to harvest salinity gradient power has drawn increasing attention in the past decades. The key component of the RED stack, the ion exchange membrane (IEM), is limiting the development of salinity gradient power generation because of its suboptimal properties. These properties include electrical area resistance, permselectivity, and ion exchange…
- Journal Article:
Li et al.
Harvesting electric power from the salinity gradient has drawn the eyes of researchers in recent years, because it is sustainable and environmentally benign. Nanofluidic channels are regarded as a promising platform to utilize this clean energy, due to their unique fluidic transport properties in the nanometer scale. Therefore, technological breakthroughs are expected in exploitation of new…
- Book Chapter:
Brauns
The direct production of electrical energy by reverse electrodialysis is a promising technology. Energy can be extracted from the salinity gradient between two salt solutions at different salt concentrations. From the resulting difference in osmotic energy of both solutions an electrical voltage and current can be generated by implementing ion exchange membranes. This is indicated as salinity…
- Journal Article:
Li et al.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a strong oxidant, is widely used in various chemical industries and environmental remediation processes. In this study, we developed an innovative method for cost-effective production of H2O2 by using a microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cell (MREC). In the MREC, electrical potential generated by the…
- Journal Article:
Zhu et al.
The globally extractable salinity gradient (SG) energy from the mixing of seawater and river water is estimated to be 3% of worldwide electricity consumption. Here we applied carbonized peat moss (CPM) electrodes to a capacitive concentration flow cell that is capable of harvesting SG energy based on the capacitive double layer expansion (CDLE) together with the Donnan potential. The…
- Journal Article:
Li et al.
Biological conversion of CO2 to value-added chemicals and biofuels has emerged as an attractive strategy to address the energy and environmental concerns caused by the over-reliance on fossil fuels. In this study, an innovative microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cell (MREC), which combines the strengths of reverse electrodialysis (RED) and microbial electrosynthesis…
- Journal Article:
Whiddon et al.
Salinity gradient (SG) energy is a renewable and clean energy resource that exists worldwide from the change in Gibbs free energy when two solutions with different salinities are mixed. More recently, concentration flow cells (CFCs) have been introduced as a new technology for SG energy recovery with the highest reported power density output to date as a result of the utilization of both the…
- Journal Article:
Choi et al.
The extraordinarily high salinity of seawater (e.g., Gulf seawater) requires a seawater desalination system such as two-pass reverse osmosis (RO). However, the auxiliary brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) treatment for satisfying the produced water quality significantly increases the energy consumption. This study first proposes a novel concept, integrating membrane capacitive deionization…
- Journal Article:
Tedesco et al.
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is a promising technology to extract energy from salinity gradients, especially in the areas where concentrated brine and saline waters are available as feed streams. A first pilot-scale plant was recently built in Trapani (Italy), and tested with real brackish water and brine from saltworks. The present work focuses on the scale-up of the pilot plant, reaching…
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