Abstract
As global energy demands continue to rise and energy shortages worsen, exploring new energy sources and maximizing their utilization has become a key area of focus in contemporary research. Marine energy, a renewable source within blue energy, offers substantial potential for various applications. However, harnessing wave energy effectively poses challenges due to its irregular and unpredictable nature. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are particularly well-suited for marine energy collection because of their lightweight design, cost efficiency, and high energy conversion rates at low frequencies. This paper provides an in-depth review of TENGs used in marine energy harvesting by analyzing their operational mechanisms, structural innovations, performance improvement methods, and real-world applications. The main features of TENG structures are evaluated, along with strategies aimed at optimizing their performance and predicting future trends. Through this review, the essential technologies and advancements needed for blue energy development are outlined, offering innovative solutions for sustainable energy progression.