Abstract
The global demand for energy consumption has increased significantly, driven by economic development, population growth, and climate change. Ocean wave energy emerges as a promising renewable solution to meet this growing demand. This paper proposes a fixed-time terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC) strategy to maximize power extraction from ocean waves using impedance matching schemes. FTSMC enables faster adaptation to changing wave conditions and maintains optimal impedance matching consistently, leading to improved energy extraction and overall power generation. The method demonstrates robustness against parametric uncertainties, such as variations in buoy weight and unmodeled ocean wave dynamics, while utilizing a linear model of the wave energy conversion (WEC) system that accurately represents the system’s behavior near the actual operating conditions. To evaluate the efficiency of the FTSMC controller across diverse ocean conditions, factors affecting wave characteristics were investigated, including frequency (ωp), nominal periodic wave spectrum (Tp), wave height (Hs), and initial system conditions. The controller’s performance was assessed under external disturbances and system uncertainties. Findings indicate that wave height and an increased convergence rate significantly impact power absorption and efficiency improvement. The robustness of the FTSMC strategy to uncertainties and its capability to handle the specific dynamics of the system, including parameter-dependent effects, position it as a promising approach for optimizing wave energy harvesting. This research contributes to the advancement of renewable energy technologies, offering a viable solution to the growing global energy demand while addressing the challenges associated with wave energy conversion systems.