Abstract
This paper presents a detailed dynamic-stability analysis of a novel configuration maritime hybrid microgrid (MG) that integrates an Archimedes wave swing (AWS)-based wave power generation system (WPGS), photovoltaic (PV) technology, a solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a synchronous generator (SG), and a dedicated battery energy storage system (BESS). To address the significant fluctuations of ocean wave conditions and evaluate their effect on the performance of the MG, a high-fidelity nonlinear model of the complete generation system has been developed. Dynamic stability analysis is used to find the dominant oscillatory modes of the system. Then, root loci analysis is utilized to evaluate the sensitivities of these modes and stability margins to wave excitation amplitudes, solar insolation levels, and operating conditions of the SOFC. The feedforward decoupling controllers have been designed for power electronic interfaces to enable seamless integration of distributed energy resources (DER) into the MG. The overall power fluctuations and dynamic stability of the MG have been improved by the novel integration of WPGS with BESS and the design of a dedicated controller for the BESS bidirectional converter. Comprehensive time-domain simulations under various operating conditions confirm that the proposed control scheme can suppress peak-to-peak (P2P) power fluctuations by 41%, restore the DC-link voltage to its required setpoint, and reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) below 5%. Frequency-domain analysis of the PV controllers confirms phase margins of 45° at ≈1 × 104 rad/s and 58.75° at ≈3 × 103 rad/s, verifying inherent stability. Furthermore, the control scheme demonstrates robust performance under sensor noise, battery degradation, and temperature variations, and its computational burden scales linearly (O(n)) with the number of active controllers, ensuring practical deployability. In comparison to baseline solutions without direct BESS control, this in turn results in a higher level of damping and increased power quality, and enhanced overall system reliability through multifaceted stabilization mechanisms. These results validate the feasibility of high-penetration WPGS integration in MG and provide a practically oriented control solution for secure operation under variable marine and solar conditions.