Abstract
Rapid population growth is driving higher energy demand, increasing fossil-fuel dependence and CO2 emissions. Thereby, great interest is found in the blue energy source of the ocean. The existing state of ocean energy in the nations bordering the Bay of Bengal (BOB) is investigated in this study. This study explores the wave, tidal, and global resources for the BOB. The various energy conversion technologies have also been systematically investigated. The BOB currently exhibits relatively high wave heights, signifying substantial wave energy potential available for efficient extraction. Among marine energy technologies, point absorbers and oscillating water columns are preferred for wave energy, while horizontal-axis tidal turbines and barrage or fence systems are deemed most effective for tidal energy in South Asia. The proposed Mini Hydroelectric Power Plant (MHPP) for Saint Martin’s Island demonstrates effective wave-driven water pumping and modular reservoir storage, ensuring reliable and scalable island electrification. Site-specific assessment of tidal energy technologies indicates that a modular horizontal-axis tidal stream turbine array is the most technically and environmentally suitable solution for Cox’s Bazar. The results confirm the feasibility of location-optimized marine renewable energy systems for sustainable power. The proposed model has become effective for energy generation from the ocean, along with being environmentally friendly.