Abstract
Ice collision forces can be determined by energy considerations. A variety of interaction
geometry cases are considered. The indentation energy functions for eight different cases are
derived and expressed in a common format. The indentation functions are expressed as
functions of the indentation model parameters, assuming a pressure-area representation. Two
types of collisions are identified; simple impacts which can be treated as equivalent to onedimensional
collisions, and beaching collisions which involve two-dimensional behaviour
(indentation and sliding). Solutions for the impact cases are presented for all geometry cases.
A solutions procedure is presented for the beaching collision, with an exact solution for a
linear case. Design equation development and future directions are discussed.