Abstract
Together, offshore wind (OSW) and marine hydrokinetic (MHK) technologies have the capacity to expand the world’s access to abundant energy resources. With more than 83 GW of offshore wind energy capacity and 500 MW of ocean energy deployed globally by 2025, there is a significant amount of available resources; however, technical and non-technical challenges prevent the combined large-scale deployment of these technologies. There is still a lack of research that provides a parallel review of both MHK and OSW technologies in order to better understand their synergistic working principles. This paper aimed to address that research gap by presenting a comprehensive side-by-side review of the worldwide technological landscape, global deployment trends, integration strategies, and modeling approaches for MHK and OSW. A particular focus has been given on analyzing existing modeling and simulation techniques, assessing integration and control strategies, and comparing technologies based on water depth. Furthermore, this study provides important insights into the readiness levels of both technologies by highlighting ongoing international projects. This review aims to fill a significant gap in the literature and evaluate technological maturity, deployment viability, and integration limitations by comparing global MHK and OSW developments and using water depth as a comparison criterion.