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A preliminary assessment of the use of drones to quantify current velocities at tidal stream sites

Abstract

Whenever  considering  new  tidal  stream  sites; information  on  current  characteristics  is  of  paramount importance.  This  contribution  describes  a  methodology  to measure  surface  currents  at  tidal  stream  sites  using  drones and  provides  initial  validation  of  the  approach  against velocities  measured  by  GPS  surface  drifters.  Drones  have the  potential  to  measure  surface  currents  at  high  spatial resolution  and  low  cost.  An  open-source  toolbox,  PIVlab,  is used  to  apply  particle  image  velocimetry  (PIV)  to  nadir imagery  that  is  georectified  based  on  GPS  position  and gimbal  heading  information.  The  technique  shows potential  when  PIV  derived  velocities  are  compared  to velocities  measured  by  the  surface  drifters.  For  drifter velocities  over  0.8ms-1,  there  is  reasonable  correlation, although  substantial  variance,  with  mean  absolute  errors between  0.12ms-1  and  0.24ms-1.  There  is  a  poorer  match with  drifter  velocities  below  0.8ms-1;  mean  absolute  errors are  between  0.33ms-1  and  0.34ms-1,  which  considering  the  smaller  velocities,  give  large  percentage  errors.  It  is hypothesised  that  improved  image  pre-processing  would reduce  these  errors.