Abstract
The development and utilization of marine energy are of vital importance to the advancement of marine technology. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a revolutionary energy conversion technology. Due to its lightweight design, cost-effectiveness and special adaptability to harsh and dynamic marine environments, TENG has significant advantages in collecting marine energy, making it an important supporting technology for marine monitoring. This paper conducts a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the latest development of TENG in the marine field from two perspectives: basic design optimization and specific application expansion. More specifically, this review explores the working mode of TENG and common structural optimization strategies, as well as material optimization strategies for improving the performance and durability of TENGs in marine environments. In addition, the energy harvesting scope of TENG in the marine domain was discussed, with a focus on the application of TENG technology in marine monitoring systems and other self-powered equipment, revealing the potential of TENG to become an autonomous and sustainable energy solution in the marine environment. Furthermore, this article also explores the challenges faced in deploying TENGs in the marine environment. Through these key issues, this review provides valuable insights into the future of TENG technology in marine energy harvesting, paving the way for the practical implementation and commercialization of self-powered and energy-efficient marine systems based on TENG technology.