Abstract
Offshore wind, floating solar PV, tidal, waves and even saline or thermal gradient are the technologies considered under the scope of ocean renewable energies. They are commonly referenced in the roadmaps [1] of many countries as part of the energy matrix. Apart from the intrinsic technological challenges of these generation technologies, their success in the electricity markets is conditioned by the possibilities to be integrate the marine generation power plants in the electric systems. Among others, the compliance of the electric grid codes must be fulfilled to ensure the stability of the electric grids. The integration of ocean renewable energies is still not a problem since the penetration level of these energies is not so high. However, the objectives established in the energy roadmaps invite to analyse the expected effects of new power plants of this nature from the point of view of performance at the electric systems. In fact, some preliminary research works have already identified an increase in the number of frequency and voltage events in electric systems due to high penetration of ocean energies [2], so it is time to analyse the potential problems and this way facilitating the deployment of the ocean energies. Many countries in Centre and South America have already included in their roadmaps the renewable ocean energies [3]. In fact, one of the main issues in these countries is the lack of robust electric grids or the condition of weak grids in coastal areas. This paper aims at analysing the electric grid situation of the countries under study, considering how would behave after the integration of ocean renewable energies. countries. Although some other countries will be finally integrated in the last version of the paper, in a first round, information about the electric grid and the integration of renewables have been compiled from: Ecuador, Peru, Costa Rica, Argentina and Spain.