Abstract
Offshore energy systems present unique challenges, such as remote locations and highly variable renewable power generation. The integration of hydrogen technologies—including fuel cells and electrolysers—offers a promising solution to reduce dependence on diesel generators and lower CO₂ emissions in these isolated environments. This study presents novel voltage control strategies tailored for the dynamic operation of hydrogen-based DC microgrids, specifically designed to support aquaculture applications in ocean settings. A testbed using commercial DC/DC converters and programmable sources was developed to emulate real-world marine energy conditions. The proposed droop-based control system dynamically manages fuel cell output and electrolyser input based on DC bus voltage fluctuations, ensuring stable and efficient microgrid operation. Experimental results demonstrate high tracking accuracy, with R² values of 0.9836 for solar, 0.9494 for wind, and 0.9606 for wave generation. The DC link voltage was maintained within ±5 V of the nominal 380 V under load variations, validating the robustness and responsiveness of the controller. This approach supports reliable energy management and efficient hydrogen integration, providing a scalable and cost-effective solution for sustainable offshore energy systems.