Abstract
The Severn Estuary has a spring tidal range approaching 14 m, which is among the highest tides in the world. Various proposals have been made regarding the construction of a tidal barrage across the estuary to enable tidal energy to be generated. The aim of the current study is to investigate the impact of constructing a tidal barrage on the hydrodynamic processes in the Severn Estuary using a numerical model. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on an unstructured triangular mesh has been used in this study. The model employs a TVD finite volume method to solve the 2D shallow water equations, with the numerical scheme being second-order accurate in both time and space. The model has been calibrated by comparing model predictions with observed tidal levels and currents at different sites, for typical spring and neap tides, and it has also been verified using tidal level time series at four tide gauging stations measured in 2003. In order to predict the hydrodynamic processes with a barrage, the model domain was divided into two subdomains: one each side of the barrage. Details were given of the method used for representing the various hydraulic structures, including the sluices and turbines, along the proposed Cardiff-Weston barrage. The impact of constructing the barrage on the water levels and velocities was then investigated using this model. Model-predicted hydrodynamic parameters, without and with the barrage, were analysed in detail. Model predictions indicated that with the barrage the mean power output could reach 2.0 GW with up to 25 GWh units of electricity being generated over a typical mean spring tidal cycle. At some cross-sections, the maximum discharges were predicted to decrease by 30–50%, as compared with the corresponding discharges predicted without the barrage. The model also predicted that with the barrage, the maximum water levels upstream of the barrage would decrease by 0.5–1.5 m, and with the peak tidal currents also being reduced considerably. For different operating modes, complex velocity fields were predicted to occur in the vicinity of the barrage.