Abstract
This study contributes to the energy economics literature by inspecting the association between innovation in marine energy generation, distribution, or transmission-related technologies and carbon dioxide emissions, with the gross domestic product per capita, expansionary monetary policy, trade openness, international collaboration in green technology development, and renewable energy consumption in the United States from 1990Q1 to 2018Q4. First, results from the canonical co-integration regression estimator, dynamic ordinary least squares estimator, and fully modified ordinary least squares estimator indicated that innovation in marine energy generation, distribution, or transmission-related technologies helps reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Second, the findings indicated that renewable energy consumption and international collaboration in green technology development were negatively associated with carbon dioxide emissions. Third, trade openness, expansionary monetary policy, and gross domestic product per capita were positively associated with carbon dioxide emissions. Fourth, the Granger causality test confirmed two-way causality between international collaboration in green technology development and carbon dioxide emissions. Fifth, the findings also showed that there exists a one-way causality between innovation in marine energy generation, distribution, or transmission-related technologies and carbon dioxide emissions, gross domestic product per capita and carbon dioxide emissions, expansionary monetary policy and carbon dioxide emissions, and trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions.