Moorings Fact Sheet

Moorings

Floating offshore renewable energy systems have several advantages: higher wind and wave resources, technically unlimited water depth, better adaptability to soil types… However, they must limit their dynamics for a number of reasons:

  • efficiency (e.g., reduction in wind turbine performance if the floating structure movements are too severe),
  • safety (e.g., disruption of vessel traffic),
  • robustness and technical and economic viability (e.g., pulling out the export electric cable, overdesigning costs).

Developing reliable and robust mooring lines is therefore essential. To do this, two criteria must be taken into account: limiting the amplitude of the forces and resisting maximum loads over the life of a farm. France Énergies Marines developed this Fact Sheet to describe the different moorings systems used for offshore renewable energy systems, and compare their advantages and limitations. 

Download the France Énergies Marines Moorings Fact Sheet here.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys Engineering.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Collection Method Operations Device
Control co-design for wave energy farms: Optimisation of array layout and mooring configuration in a realistic wave climate Peña-Sanchez, Y., Garcia-Violini, D., Penalba, M., Zarketa-Astigarraga, A., Ferri, F., Nava, V., Ringwood, J. Journal Article Wave Modeling Array Effects, Mooring
Hydrodynamic Interactions and Enhanced Energy Harnessing amongst Many WEC Units in Large-Size Wave Parks Shao, X., Ringsberg, J., Yao, H-D., Gowda, U., Khedkar, H., Todalshaug, J. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Modeling Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Performance, Power Take Off
Advanced Features and Recent Developments in the WEC-Sim Open-Source Design Tool Leon, J., Grasberger, J., Forbush, D., Sirigu, M., Ancellin, M., Tom, N., Keester, A., Ruehl, K., Ogden, D., Husain, S. Conference Paper Wave Modeling Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Power Take Off
Experimental assessment of the effect of water depth on mooring line tensions for two different WEC mooring configurations under solitary waves Gallardo, A., Tampier, G., Winckler, P., Ahumada, J., Cifuentes, C. Conference Paper Wave Lab Data Survivability Mooring
Dynamic Mooring Field Experiment and Design of a Wave Energy Converter Platform Test System Lou, J., Yim, S., Jouanne, A. Journal Article Wave Field Data Mooring
Numerical study on micropile group behavior supporting fixed bottom marine hydrokinetic devices in sandy seabed Jamaleddin, N., Gabr, M., Borden, R., Argall, R., Lasser, D. Journal Article Current Modeling Mooring, Substructure
Experimental study of a floating two-body wave energy converter Li, D., Sharma, S., Borthwick, A., Huang, H., Dong, X., Li, Y., Shi, H. Journal Article Wave Lab Data, Modeling Control, Mooring, Power Take Off
Reliability modelling of ocean current energy conversion systems through both analytical and Monte Carlo methods Ghaedi, A. Journal Article Current, Ocean Current Modeling Mooring, Structural
On the Effect of Wave Direction on Control and Performance of a Moored Pitching Wave Energy Conversion System Paduano, B., Faedo, N., Mattiazzo, G. Journal Article Wave Modeling Control, Mooring, Performance
Control synthesis via Impedance-Matching in panchromatic conditions: a generalised framework for moored systems Paduano, B., Pasta, E., Faedo, N., Mattiazzo, G. Conference Paper Wave Modeling Mooring, Performance
Optimal Design of a Submerged Tidal Device for Low Current Environment Jo, C., Jeong, S., Hwang, S., Cho, S. Conference Paper Current, Axial Flow Turbine, Tidal Lab Data Mooring
Degrees of Freedom Effects on a Laboratory Scale WEC Point Absorber Beringer, C., Bosma, B., Robertson, B. Conference Paper Wave, Point Absorber Lab Data Mooring
On data-based control-oriented modelling applications in wave energy systems Pasta, E., Paduano, B., Mattiazzo, G., Faedo, N., Ringwood, J. Conference Paper Wave Modeling Control, Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Power Take Off
Experimental measurements of two elastic taut-slack mooring configurations for the multi-float M4 WEC Draycott, S., Stansby, P., Li, G. Conference Paper Wave Lab Data Survivability Mooring
Maximizing the surge amplitude of a floater through an adaptable mooring tightening technique Asiikkis, A., Grigoriadis, D., Vakis, A. Conference Paper Wave Lab Data Mooring
Fatigue Life Assessment for Wave Energy Converter Mooring Lines under Realistic Wave Climates Martinez-Puente, E., Zarteka-Astigarraga, A., Zabala, A., Esnaola, J., Llavori, I., Penalba, M. Conference Paper Wave Modeling Survivability Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Structural
Hydrodynamic Response of Mocean Wave Energy Converter in Extreme Waves Samuel, J., Venugopal, V., Retzler, C., Ma, Q. Conference Paper Wave Modeling, Scale Device Hydrodynamics, Mooring
Basin testing of the 1-2-1 M4 WEC Howe, D., Raju, B., Hansen, C., Wolgamot, H., Kurniawan, A., Nader, J., Shearer, C., Stansby, P. Conference Paper Wave Lab Data Mooring, Power Take Off
A Dual Hardware-In-the-Loop (DHIL) platform for testing and validation of WEC subsystems Alessandri, G. Conference Paper Wave Lab Data, Modeling Mooring, Power Take Off
Investigation on the extreme peak mooring force distribution of a point absorber wave energy converter with and without a survivability control system Shahroozi, Z., Göteman, M., Engström, J. Conference Paper Wave, Point Absorber Modeling Control, Mooring, Power Take Off
Techno-economic Optimization of an Offshore Hybrid Power System: Argentine Basin Case Study Palmer, S., Dillon, T., Polagye, B. Conference Paper Wave Modeling Mooring
Simulations Of Extreme Wave Load On An Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Converter Nguyen, N., Chartrand, C., Para, B., Aurrekoetxea, J. Conference Paper Wave, Oscillating Water Column Modeling Mooring, Structural
Experimental validation of rollout-based model predictive control for wave energy converters on a two-body, taut-moored point absorber prototype Lin, Z., Huang, X., Xiao, X. Conference Paper Wave, Point Absorber Lab Data, Modeling, Test Center Control, Mooring
The Dynamic response of floating offshore renewable energy devices: Sensitivity to mooring rope stiffness Smith, K., Davey, T., Forehand, D., Pillai, A., Xiao, Q., Tao, L. Conference Paper Wave Modeling Survivability Hydrodynamics, Mooring
Dynamic Responses of a 1:5-Scale Ocean Current Energy Converter Yang, S., Hung, Y., Yang, R., Hou, T., Mu, L., Huang, S., Guo, J., Lin, S. Conference Paper Current Modeling Hydrodynamics, Mooring
On the mooring methodology of heaving point absorber arrays Meyer, J., Windt, C., Sinn, P., Hildebrandt, A. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Lab Data Array Effects, Mooring
PacWave Anchoring and Mooring Study Housner, S., Sirnivas, S. Report Wave, Point Absorber, Oscillating Water Column Modeling Mooring
Transient Translational–Rotational Motion of an Ocean Current Converter Mooring System with Initial Conditions Lin, S., Wang, W., Yuan, H. Journal Article Current, Ocean Current Modeling Mooring
A comparison of two wave energy converters’ power performance and mooring fatigue characteristics – One WEC vs many WECs in a wave park with interaction effects Shao, X., Ringsberg, J., Yao, H., Li, Z., Johnson, E., Frediksson, G. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Field Data Array Effects, Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Performance, Structural
Mooring designs for a combined wind and wave energy system in intermediate water depth Fjermedal, S. Thesis Wave Modeling Mooring
Modelling mooring line snap loads using a high-order finite-volume approach Governo, A., Henriques, J., Gato, L. Journal Article Wave Modeling Survivability Mooring
Sea trials of Sigma wave energy converter – slacking and snapping of TLP mooring lines Miškov, V., Dragić, M., Tomin, V., Hofman, M. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Field Data Mooring
Hydrodynamic effects of biofouling-induced surface roughness – Review and research gaps for shallow water offshore wind energy structures Maduka, M., Schoefs, F., Thiagarajan, K., Bates, A. Journal Article Modeling Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Performance
Coupled Translational–Rotational Stability Analysis of a Submersible Ocean Current Converter Platform Mooring System under Typhoon Wave Lin, S-M., Utama, D-W., Liauh, C-T. Journal Article Current, Ocean Current Modeling Survivability Mooring, Structural, Substructure
Site Selection of Combined Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Farms: A Systematic Review Hosseinzadeh, S., Etemad-Shahidi, A., Stewart, R. Journal Article Wave Hybrid Devices, Hydrodynamics, Mooring
Parametric study on the short-term extreme mooring tension of nylon rope for a point absorber Xu, S., Soares, C. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Lab Data, Modeling Materials, Mooring
Analysis of Power Performance and Mooring Fatigue Damage for Wave Energy Parks Shao, X. Thesis Wave, Point Absorber Modeling Survivability Mooring, Performance
Simulation and validation of floating-point absorber (FPA) wave energy converter (WEC) using open-source WEC-Sim simulation Repi, V., Diputra, A. Conference Paper Wave, Point Absorber Modeling Mooring
Experimental Investigation of Mooring Performance and Energy-Harvesting Performance of Eccentric Rotor Wave Energy Converter Xue, G., Qin, J., Zhang, Z., Huang, S., Liu, Y. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Lab Data Mooring, Performance
A high-efficiency wave-powered marine observation buoy: Design, analysis, and experimental tests Wang, L., Li, H., Jiang, J. Journal Article Wave Lab Data, Modeling, Scale Device Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Performance
Displaying 1 - 40 of 331 results