Moorings Fact Sheet

Moorings

Floating offshore renewable energy systems have several advantages: higher wind and wave resources, technically unlimited water depth, better adaptability to soil types… However, they must limit their dynamics for a number of reasons:

  • efficiency (e.g., reduction in wind turbine performance if the floating structure movements are too severe),
  • safety (e.g., disruption of vessel traffic),
  • robustness and technical and economic viability (e.g., pulling out the export electric cable, overdesigning costs).

Developing reliable and robust mooring lines is therefore essential. To do this, two criteria must be taken into account: limiting the amplitude of the forces and resisting maximum loads over the life of a farm. France Énergies Marines developed this Fact Sheet to describe the different moorings systems used for offshore renewable energy systems, and compare their advantages and limitations. 

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys Engineering.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Collection Method Operations Device
Mooring-based frequency-domain and AI-based time-domain optimization for improved power capture performance of the TALOS wave energy converter Yavuz, H., Sheng, W., Aggidis, G. Journal Article Wave Modeling Mooring, Performance
Capture performance improvement of a backward-bent duct buoy wave energy converter using a damping plate Zhu, W., Tu, Y., Zheng, S., Li, H., Li, D., Lin, J., Yang, S., Li, C. Journal Article Wave, Oscillating Water Column Lab Data, Modeling Mooring, Performance, Power Take Off
Effects of the shared mooring system on hydrodynamic and power capture of oscillating water column wave energy converter arrays Wei, C., Huang, S., Wang, J., Xu, Z., Xue, G., Liu, Y. Journal Article Wave, Oscillating Water Column Modeling Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Performance
Tidal energy resource characterization measurements at cook inlet’s east foreland: Velocity and turbulence McVey, J., Kilcher, L., Yang, Z. Journal Article Current, Tidal Acoustics, Mooring
Statistical analysis of floating hybrid wind–wave energy systems Sergiienko, N., Xue, L., Silva, L., Ding, B., Cazzolato, B. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber, Oscillating Water Column, Oscillating Wave Surge Converter Hybrid Devices, Mooring, Performance
Shared moorings for floating offshore renewable energy technologies: A review Saincher, S., Sriram, V., Stoesser, T. Journal Article Wave Array Effects, Mooring, Structural
White Paper on OTEC 2.0: Advancing Deployment and Innovation Brito e Melo, A., Bastos, P., Baltazar, J., Chainho, P., Machado, I., Cândido, J. Report OTEC Full Scale, Scale Device Deployment, Survivability Grid Integration, Hybrid Devices, Materials, Mooring, Structural, Substructure
Review of recent WEC-Sim (v6.1) advanced features Grasberger, J., Shabara, M., Keester, A., Ruehl, K., Forbush, D., Husain, S., Leon, J., Ogden, D., Davies, R. Journal Article Wave Modeling Hydrodynamics, Mooring
Cable solutions for Ocean Energy: Latest design configurations, failure modes, and monitoring methods Marcollo, H., Eassom, A., Sirianos, D., Thomas, C., Gumley, J. Journal Article Current, Tidal, Wave Modeling Deployment, Survivability Mooring
Flow-induced vibration of an underwater lazy wave cable in unidirectional current Moideen, R., Venugopal, V., Chaplin, J.R., Borthwick, A.G.L Journal Article Wave Test Center Hydrodynamics, Mooring
A methodology for CFD simulations of floating structures in waves coupled with mooring dynamics Almeida-Medina, T., Cercos-Pita, J., Gosset, A., Diaz-Casas Journal Article Wave Modeling Hydrodynamics, Mooring
Parametric resonance in wave energy converters and offshore wind turbines: A review Davidson, J., Henriques, J., Galeazzi, R., Kalmár-Nagy, T. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber, Oscillating Water Column Modeling Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Performance, Structural, Substructure
A virtual real-time hybrid simulation framework to study mooring dynamics of deep-water wave energy converters (WECs) Liu, E., McConnell, A., Bosma, B., Ni, Y., Seki, A., Schellenberg, A., Robertson, B., Simpson, B. Conference Paper Wave Lab Data, Modeling Hydrodynamics, Mooring
Modeling and Design of an Adaptive Stiffness Wave Energy Converter McGuire, C., Mabe, O., Bryant, M. Presentation Wave, Point Absorber Lab Data Mooring, Power Take Off
Dynamic Load Monitoring and Analysis of Mooring Lines used by Wave Energy Converters Mohamed, Y., Beaujean, P., Gunawan, B., Abdellatef, M. Presentation Wave Lab Data Mooring
Applications for a Swivel-based Mooring System that Improves System Reliability for Marine Energy Devices Lowcher, C., Smith, M., Taylor, T., Logan, J., Hill, D., Guillen, U. Presentation Wave Mooring, Substructure
A systematic approach to developing real-time hybrid simulation capability for wave tank testing McConnell, A., Liu, E., Bosma, B., Simpson, B., Robertson, B. Presentation Wave Modeling Mooring
Line Inspection and Guided Hardware Testing (LIGHT) Lab Development Streit, R. , Schuit, N., Gunawan, B. Presentation Current, Wave Lab Data Mooring
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of a Ducky Wave Energy Converter and Its Impact on Floating Ocean Wind Turbines Tao, T., Dong, Y., Guo, X., Liu, S., Jiang, Y., Yuan, Z. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Lab Data, Modeling Array Effects, Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Power Take Off, Substructure
An efficient time domain model for hybrid floating wind-wave platforms considering multi-body constraints and mooring system Zhang, K., Chen, M., Zhou, H., Chen, N., Liang, C., Hallak, T., Yun, Q., Tang, Y. Journal Article Wave, Oscillating Wave Surge Converter Modeling Hybrid Devices, Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Substructure
Stabilizing dynamic subsea power cables using Bi-stable nonlinear energy sinks Michaloliakos, A., Wong, W., Davies, R., Lekkala, M., Hall, M., Zuo, L., Vakakis, A. Journal Article Modeling Mooring, Performance
Design and comparative analysis of mooring systems for a combined wind and wave energy system at intermediate water depth Fong Lee, C., Fjermedal, S., Chen Ong, M. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber, Oscillating Wave Surge Converter Modeling Hybrid Devices, Mooring, Performance, Substructure
Technology Readiness Level assessment of hydrokinetic energy converters Malali, P., Ding, Z., Villavicencio, M. Journal Article Current, Axial Flow Turbine, Cross Flow Turbine, Tidal, Ocean Current, Riverine Field Data, Lab Data, Modeling, Test Center, Full Scale, Scale Device Deployment Grid Integration, Mooring, Performance, Power Take Off, Structural, Substructure
Effects of Co-Location of FOWTs and WECs on Mooring Cable Fatigue Santos, M. Thesis Wave Modeling, Full Scale Survivability Hybrid Devices, Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Substructure
Experimental measurements of two elastic taut-slack mooring configurations for the multi-float M4 WEC Draycott, S., Stansby, P., Li, G. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Lab Data, Scale Device Mooring
Hydrodynamic Response of Mocean Wave Energy Converter in Extreme Waves Samuel, J., Venugopal, V., Retzler, C., Ma, Q. Journal Article Wave Lab Data, Scale Device Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Substructure
Dynamic Response Analysis of a Fully Coupled Numerical Model for a Floating Tidal Current Turbine System Cheng, M., Fan, J., Shang, D., Zhu, R. Conference Paper Current, Tidal Modeling Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Performance
Submerged wave energy converter dynamics and the impact of PTO-mooring configuration on power performance Ali, R., Meek, M., Robertson, B. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Modeling Mooring, Performance
Control co-design for wave energy systems Ringwood, J. Journal Article Wave Modeling Control, Hydrodynamics, Mooring, Performance, Power Take Off
Power performance and dynamic characteristics of a 15 MW floating wind turbine with wave energy converter combined concept Gu, X., Lin, F., Jiang, W., Xu, J., Liu, J., Wang, K., Tao, T. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Modeling Hybrid Devices, Mooring, Structural
Physical model study on the performance of a pneumatic wave energy converter Yang, H., Zhang,Y., Guo, P., Wang, C., Luo, P., Xu, H. Journal Article Wave, Oscillating Water Column Lab Data, Scale Device Mooring, Performance
Performance evaluation of point-absorber wave energy converters energy extraction and structural integrity aspects Abaei, M., Arzaghi, E., Bao, M., Garaniya, V., Abdussamie, N., Pichard, A., Abbassi, R. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Modeling Survivability Hybrid Devices, Mooring, Power Take Off, Structural
Dynamic response of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine-point absorption wave energy hybrid energy system under rated and extreme conditions Hua, H., Zhang, Y., Qin, Z., Yang, Y., Fernandez-Rodriguez, E. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber Modeling Survivability Hybrid Devices, Mooring, Performance, Substructure
Dynamic response and power performance of a combined semi-submersible floating wind turbine and point absorber wave energy converter array Xu, S., Jia, B., Xu, F., Chen, C. Journal Article Wave, Point Absorber, Oscillating Water Column Modeling Array Effects, Hybrid Devices, Mooring, Performance, Power Take Off, Structural
Bayesian modeling and mechanical simulations for fragility curve estimation of the mooring system of marine hydrokinetic devices de Faria, V., Jamaleddin, N., de Queiroz, A., Gabr, M. Journal Article Current, Axial Flow Turbine Modeling Survivability Mooring
Post Access Report for Public: Numerical Analysis of Two-Body Floating Attenuator WEC (Waveberg) Waveberg Development Ltd. Report Wave, Attenuator Lab Data, Modeling Mooring, Performance, Power Take Off
Design and analysis of taut mooring systems for a combined floating offshore wind and wave energy system at intermediate water depth Lee, C., Fjermedal, S., Ong, M. Journal Article Wave, Oscillating Wave Surge Converter Modeling Hybrid Devices, Mooring
MARMOK-Atlantic de Miguel, B. Presentation Wave, Point Absorber Lab Data, Full Scale Deployment Mooring, Power Take Off
White Paper OTEC Baltazar, J. Report OTEC Full Scale, Scale Device Survivability Grid Integration, Materials, Mooring, Structural, Substructure
Wear of Wave Energy Converters Mooring Lines Belts Abdellatef, M., Clark, J., Kojimoto, N., Gunawan, B. Journal Article Wave Modeling Condition Monitoring Mooring, Power Take Off
Displaying 1 - 40 of 423 results